I have taught at universities in the US, the UK, Germany and China and I have published in numerous academic journals. I was active in the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s demanding equal rights for Blacks. NOW I SUPPORT CIVIL RIGHTS AND DEMAND EQUAL RIGHTS FOR ALL CITIZENS, INCLUDING WHITES AND MEN.
(For some of my more formal writing, go to http://www.anthonyflood.com/murray.htm you can find photos, etc.) For most of my writing, see Tulane University's Library, Special Collections.
The period leading up to WWII was full of intrigue and political division. With whom should we ally? Prepare for war? Should we think mainly of our interests in the Pacific, or Europe? or???
I did not plan to raise this topic, but when I saw Bose quoted, well, here goes. Bose had been elected Mayor of Calcutta on the Congress Party ticket, I guess in the late 1930s. Unlike Congress leaders Gandhi and Nehru, Bose was not inclined toward pacifism. When war broke out, he was more interested in using force to free India from its colonial masters. Brits held him under house arrest. With help ov the Abwehr, he escapes, first to Afghanistan, and thence to Moscow (during the Nazi-Soviet Pact), and finally flown to Berlin.
Like Sir Roger Casement during the Great War, who recruited Irish POWs for the Reich, Casement also boarded a U-boat and emerged in Ireland, to be quickly apprehended by the Brits who knew of the forthcoming Easter Rebellion of 1916. Tho it half-started badly, and many involved in the early episode would be executed, including Casement, it was the beginning of the end of Brit rule in Catholic Ireland.
Once in Germany, Bose recruited Indian POWs for the Wehrmacht, and he broadcast over Radio Berlin to India. Also broadcasting on Radio Berlin, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, with a simple message - kill the Jews. He later visited Auschwitz. Meanwhile, broadcasting from London was an Indian born gent (born in Burma, but I think Burma was then assigned to India) the man known as George Orwell. Orwell's broadcasts urged the colonials to support Britain.
Remaining in Germany, Bose felt left behind in the struggle. To activate things, Bose boarded a German U-boot, and "sailed" to the coast of Vichy French Madagascar, where Bose switched to a Jap sub, and off to Asia. With Japanese support, he proclaimed a provisional Republic of India, declared war on Britain and the US, and recruited the Indian National Army from among the Indian POWs of the Japs. They finally had a major battle in 1945 at Imphal, and tho the Brits won, they were afraid that a Bose victory might see British rule crumble. (For a terrific account of this era, see the old series The Jewel in the Crown, n early, costly, and superb tv series from Britain's ITV) But with the A-bombs, the Japs surrender, Bose loses his support, and dies in an airplane accident. I did not know he said, Hitler, Stalin, Tojo, whatever is best for India. But what is wrong with that? FDR decided Hitler was the strongest enemy, so we would help Stalin. And we did with considerable material. And the FDR Adm. let Hollywood know, we needed some kindly Uncle Joe Stalin movies, and so North Star and other pro-Stalin Hollywood films were made and shown. Truman had early said it would be best if the 2 monsters fought it out till both were ruined, but he was not then President. America did choose, Stalin, helping him directly, and indirectly through spies. Remember, Putin, in a speech in the early 21st century thanked Western scientists for their help in developing new weapons, providing suitcases of secrets.
What about Gandhi? Here is an AI discussion of another Congress Party leader's views of the era:
Mahatma Gandhi, a proponent of non-violent resistance, controversially suggested that Jews in Nazi Germany should respond to persecution with non-violent resistance and even embrace suffering as a form of protest.
Here's a summary of his views:
1. Embracing Suffering and Non-violent Resistance:
Gandhi believed that Jews should offer themselves to be killed rather than resist violently or flee.
He argued that "suffering voluntarily undergone will bring them inner strength and joy".
He suggested they should have "thrown themselves into the sea from cliffs," believing such extreme acts of non-violent resistance would "arouse the world and the people of Germany".
2. Remaining Courageous and Asserting Equality:
Gandhi urged Jews to remain courageous and practice non-violence, even in the face of extreme brutality.
He believed they should assert their rights as equal citizens within Germany and refuse to be discriminated against.
3. Criticisms and Controversies:
Gandhi's views on Jewish resistance during the Holocaust were widely criticized, even by those who admired his broader philosophy of non-violence.
Critics argued that his advice was unrealistic and impractical in the face of Nazi atrocities.
Some questioned whether Gandhi truly understood the scope of the Nazi persecution and the threat it posed to Jewish survival.
In Conclusion:
Gandhi's recommendations for Jews in Nazi Germany were rooted in his strong belief in the power of non-violent resistance. However, his specific proposals were considered controversial and largely unrealistic by many, particularly in the context of the Holocaust.
Orwell was one of many critical of Gandhi.
I am often critical of FDR, but like Bose, he thought of what might be best for his country. And you make a marriage of convenience, even to a monster.
Tony and I work together on many items, but we do disagree on many things too. Yes, I think that Stalin was a monster, in many ways; but at times he was our monster ally in the struggle against another monster. Hugh Murray
The link takes you to an article in the Wall Street Journal. Is it a real heart attack or just a new trendy way of trying to handle anxiety?
I am no physician, but something comes to my mind - The Covid vax and especially the after-shot, the follow up, that was pushed by Dr. Fauci and his madicrats and medictators. There were already indications that the vax was causing some heart problems in young men, and the problems were exacerbated by the follow-up booster shots. Has anyone studied the present increase in alarms about the hearts of young men? What % received the vax; what % received both vax and follow-ups? Is there a correlation? Is there a cause and effect?
Another headline on The War Room's running news tape; Fauci's scientists apparently destroyed documents sought by Congressional investigators probing the Covid mess.----Hugh Murray
A few days ago National Public Radio's Morning Edition had a segment to remind listeners of the centennial of the birth of Malcolm Little, who became Malcolm X; I spoke with Mr. Flood soon after on other topics, mentioned the NPR report, and complained to Flood, that as usual, the liberal radio network did not mention an important aspect of Malcolm's critique of the civil rights movement. Mr. Flood then composed an addition to his website for the following day. I have copied part of his site and placed it on my own blog today. It is below - I copied only one of the 2 letters for my blog.
Marking Malcolm X’s centennial: Hugh Murray’s probing letters from the 1990s.
I missed it by a day (sorry!). The centennial of the birth of Malcolm X and 60 years since his assassination (a few months after his Queens home was firebombed a few miles from me) warrant swiping from my old site two letters that my friend Hugh Murray got published in 1994 and 1995. Without further ado:
What about the Nation of Islam’s Historical Ties to Fascism?
The New York Times, February 23, 1994
It was widely reported when Louis Farrakhan, head of the Nation of Islam, suspended Khalid Abdul Muhammad, who told an audience at Kean College of New Jersey that Jews are bloodsuckers, gays are sissies, and the Pope is a cracker.
Mr. Farrakhan rebuked the manner in which Mr. Muhammad delivered his message, but Mr. Farrakhan reaffirmed the “truths” of that message! Reporters speculate if this is a repudiation of bigotry or not. But they are silent about the history of the Nation of Islam on these subjects.
American Nazi Party Commander George Lincoln Rockwell (center) at a Nation of Islam (NOI) rally, Uline Arena, Washington, DC, June 25, 1961. During the collection, he shouted: “George Lincoln Rockwell gives $20!” (almost $135 in today’s money). Malcolm X, noting the applause, asked him: “George Lincoln Rockwell, you got the biggest hand you ever got, didn’t you?” Elijah Muhammad, NOI founder, invited Rockwell to speak at their next Savior’s Day Convention, which he did on Sunday, February 25, 1962, before 12,175 people in Chicago’s International Amphitheater. (Muhammad Speaks, April 1962, p. 3.) At the podium, in full Nazi regalia, Rockwell opined “that Elijah Muhammad is to the so-called Negro what Adolph Hitler is to the German people. He is the most powerful black man in the country. Heil Hitler!” (Black History and the Class Struggle, Spartacist League, August 1994, p. 37.)
In the early 1960’s, at a large gathering of the Nation of Islam, the featured speaker was Elijah Muhammad, its leader. But the speaker just before him, addressing Elijah Muhammad’s followers, was George Lincoln Rockwell, leader of the American Nazi Party.1
In the early 1960’s Malcolm X, as a Nation of Islam spokesman, mocked the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the civil rights movement. At the height of civil rights protest Malcolm traveled to the South, not to partake in civil rights protest, but to negotiate with leaders of the Ku Klux Klan on how to thwart the struggle for civil rights. This scene is omitted from Spike Lee’s film and from the recent PBS documentary on Malcolm X.
And in the 1920’s, even before the founding of the Nation of Islam, Marcus Garvey led the Universal Negro Improvement Association, which became America’s largest black nationalist organization. The association created the Black Cross Nurses, the African Legion, the Knights of the Nile and established the Black Star Steamship Line. Though black liberals and socialists like A. Philip Randolph and W. E. B. Du Bois bitterly opposed Garvey, Garvey found other associates—the leaders of the Ku Klux Klan.
Garvey and Klansmen met and shook hands in the 1920’s. Eventually, Garvey was deported and lived in Britain, where he supported the Conservative Party and hoped Britain would transfer some of its African colonies to him. Garvey also admired some European leaders, like Mussolini. Garvey even reminded his followers, “We were the first Fascists.”2
Thus, the problem is not a single speech by Khalid Muhammad. Behind much of black nationalism and the Nation of Islam lurks the idea of fascism. And black fascism, like white fascism, is still fascism.
When Jesse Jackson and the Congressional Black Caucus attempt to embrace Louis Farrakhan, they are seeking an alliance with a tradition of fascism.
In January 1965 Malcolm was the featured speaker at the Militant Labor Forum in NYC. In Feb. 1965 Malcolm was shot dead. In August 1966 I was the featured speaker at the Militant Labor Forum in NYC. Happily, I have not been shot.
This is my comment on Newser's site. The Economic Freedom Fighters got about 10% of the vote in the last election. Unfortunately, the song of murder is sung beyond the ranks of the EFF. Hugh Murray
Most of Biden's invaders were not refugees facing confiscation and death because of their race, they were econoc migrats, which by definition are NOT refugees. Not coming in legally, they should be deported. By contrast the leader of the Economic Freedom Fighters political party in South Africa, sings in a stadium filled with supporters - "Kill the Boers, Kill the whites" as his rifle the makes the sound, tat, tat, tat, of gun fire. The masses in the stadium laugh and join in the song, again, and again. South Africa is a racist state today, with one of the highest murder rates in the world masking the racist nature of many murders. We in America should have room for real refugees; but others should apply to enter legally, or be deported under Trump's reasonable policies.